ECBD - EOS76486

Other Descriptors

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Feature	Value
FP3 Fingerprint:	0.44
NHs/OHs:	0
Nitrogens and Oxygens:	3
Aliphatic Carbocycles:	1
Aliphatic Heterocycles:	0
Aliphatic Rings:	1
Aromatic Carbocycles:	1
Aromatic Heterocycles:	1
Aromatic Rings:	2
Heteroatoms:	4
Radical Electrons:	0
Saturated Carbocycles:	1
Saturated Heterocycles:	0
Saturated Rings:	1
Valence Electrons:	106
Rings:	3
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids:	0
Aliphatic Hydroxyl Groups:	0
Aliphatic Hydroxyl Groups Excluding Tert-OH:	0
Nitrogen Functional Groups Attached to Aromatics:	0
Aromatic Carboxylic Acide:	0
Aromatic Nitrogens:	2
Aromatic Amines:	0
Aromatic Hydroxyl Groups:	0
Carboxylic Acids (COO):	0
Carboxylic Acids (COO2):	0
Carbonyl Oxygens:	0
Carbonyl Oxygens, excluding COOH:	0
Thiocarbonyls:	0
C(OH)CCN-Ctert-alkyls/C(OH)CCNcyclics:	0
Imines:	0
Tertiary Amines:	2
Secondary Amines:	0
Primary Amines:	0
Hydroxylamine Groups:	0
XCCNR Groups:	0
Tert-alicyclic Amines (no heteroatoms, not quinine-like bridged N):	0
H-pyrrole nitrogens:	0
Thiol groups:	0
Aldehydes:	0
Alkyl Carbamates (subject to hydrolysis):	0
Alkyl Halides:	0
Allylic Oxidation Sites excluding Steroid Dienone:	0
Amides:	0
Amidine Groups:	0
Anilines:	0
Aryl Methyl Sites for Hydroxylation:	0
Azide Groups:	0
Azo Groups:	0
Barbiturate Groups:	0
Benzene Rings:	1
Benzodiazepines with no additional Fused Rings:	0
Bicyclic:	0
Diazo Groups:	0
Dihydropyridines:	0
Epoxide Rings:	0
Esters:	0
Ether Oxygens (including phenoxy):	0
Furan Rings:	0
Guanidine Groups:	0
Halogens:	0
Hydrazine Groups:	0
Hydrazone Groups:	0
Imidazole Rings:	0
Imide Groups:	0
Isocyanates:	0
Isothiocyanates:	0
Ketones:	0
Ketones excluding diaryl, a,b-unsat. dienones, heteroatom on Calpha:	0
Beta Lactams:	0
Cyclic Esters (Lactones):	0
Methoxy Groups -OCH3:	0
Morpholine Rings:	0
Nitriles:	0
Nitro Groups:	0
Nitro Benzene Ring Substituents:	0
Non-ortho Nitro Benzene Ring Substituents:	0
Nitroso Groups, excluding NO2:	0
Oxazole Rings:	0
Oxime Groups:	0
Para-hydroxylation Sites:	0
Phenols:	0
Phenolic OH excluding Ortho Intramolecular Hbond substituents:	0
Phosphoric Acid Groups:	0
Phosphoric Ester Groups:	0
Piperdine Rings:	0
Piperzine Rings:	0
Primary Amides:	0
Primary Sulfonamides:	0
Pyridine Rings:	0
Guarternary Nitrogens:	0
Thioethers:	0
Sulfonamides:	0
Sulfone Groups:	0
Terminal Acetylenes:	0
Tetrazole Rings:	0
Thiazole Rings:	0
Thiocyanates:	0
Thiophene Rings:	0
Unbranched Alkanes of at least 4 members (excludes halogenated alkanes):	0
Urea Groups:	0
BCUT2D - Gasteiger Charge Eigenvalue High:	2.19
BCUT2D - Gasteiger Charge Eigenvalue Low:	-2.20
BCUT2D - Crippen Lowgp Eigenvalue High:	2.24
BCUT2D - Crippen Lowgp Eigenvalue Low:	-2.19
BCUT2D - Crippen MR Eigenvalue High:	7.84
BCUT2D - Crippen MR Eigenvalue Low:	0.50
BCUT2D - Mass Eigenvalue High:	32.20
BCUT2D - Mass Eigenvalue Low:	10.00
Balaban’s J:	1.64
Bertz CT:	556.67
Chi 0:	13.79
Chi 0n:	11.57
Chi 0v:	12.39
Chi 1:	9.83
Chi 1n:	7.29
Chi 1v:	8.67
Chi 2n:	5.40
Chi 2v:	7.12
Chi 3v:	3.94
Chi 3v:	5.77
Chi 4n:	2.78
Chi 4v:	4.39
Morgan Fingerprint Density (1):	1.15
Morgan Fingerprint Density (2):	1.90
Morgan Fingerprint Density (3):	2.55
CSP3 Fraction:	0.44
Hall Kier Alpha:	-1.42
Heavy Atoms:	20.00
Ipc descriptor:	79867.14
Kappa 1:	13.56
Kappa 2:	6.35
Kappa 3:	3.18
Labute ASA:	122.02
Max ABS Estate Index:	12.37
Max ABS Partial Charge:	0.26
Max Estate Index:	12.37
Max Partial Charge:	0.06
Minimal ABS Estate Index:	0.41
Minimal ABS Partial Charge:	0.06
Minimal State Index:	-0.72
Minimal Partial Charge:	-0.26
Molar Refractivity:	82.28
Quantitative Estimation of Drug-likeness (QED):	0.86

External Databases

Search:

DB
PubChem (97827179)
ZINC (ZINC000097115200)

Smiles

InChI

SDF

EOS76486
     RDKit          3D

20 22  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -2.3822   -1.1031    1.4480 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1561    0.2911    0.9422 S   0  0  0  0  0  4  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4271    0.1750   -0.7177 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0637    0.1798   -0.6728 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7619    1.3886   -0.6746 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1540    1.3917   -0.6473 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8445    0.1804   -0.6274 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2500    0.1836   -0.6017 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.0553    1.2988   -0.5870 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.3537    0.8526   -0.5627 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.2372   -0.5492   -0.5677 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9689   -0.9641   -0.5949 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1550   -1.0314   -0.6346 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7628   -1.0285   -0.6593 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.7343    0.9454    0.3537 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4945   -0.0387   -0.5092 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3250   -1.0309    0.2764 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.1988   -0.3326    1.2926 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3487    0.4761    2.2452 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5405    1.5156    1.4989 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  6
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
 10 11  1  0
 11 12  2  0
  7 13  1  0
 13 14  2  0
  2 15  1  0
 15 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 17 18  1  0
 18 19  1  0
 19 20  1  0
 14  4  1  0
 20 15  1  0
 12  8  1  0
M  END

$$$$

Name:
EOS:	EOS76486
CAS:
Synonyms:
Tags:
Compound Library:	European Chemical Biology Library

Formula:	C16H20N2OS
Molecular Weight:	288.42
Rotatable Bond Donors:	4
clogP:	3.45
Topological Polar Surface Area:	34.89
Lipinski's RO5:	MW: 288.42 HBA: 3 HBD: 0 RB: 4 LogP: 3.45
Rule of Three:	MW: 288.42 HBA: 3 HBD: 0 RB: 4 LogP: 3.45

ZINC ID	Similarity	SDF
ZINC97115200	1.0	ZINC97115200 RDKit 3D 20 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -3.0353 -2.8928 -0.2291 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.3800 -1.5496 -0.0871 S 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.0659 -1.7348 1.1579 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2097 -1.0968 0.7182 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1181 -1.8168 -0.0604 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3183 -1.2327 -0.4564 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6094 0.0731 -0.0642 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8194 0.6680 -0.4620 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2344 1.9420 -0.1508 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4644 2.1145 -0.7365 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7144 0.8898 -1.3818 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7256 0.0076 -1.2211 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.7124 0.7962 0.7210 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5142 0.2062 1.1147 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.4364 -0.5437 0.9966 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9026 0.8748 1.0272 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7965 1.7692 1.8596 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.2181 1.7478 1.3385 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.7549 0.3331 1.2791 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.8505 -0.5547 0.4506 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 3 1 1 3 4 1 0 4 5 2 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 2 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 2 0 7 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 2 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 14 4 1 0 20 15 1 0 12 8 1 0 M END $$$$
ZINC97115201	1.0	ZINC97115201 RDKit 3D 20 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -3.1968 -2.9331 0.1103 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4348 -1.7021 0.5054 S 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.5421 -1.1170 -0.9672 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1266 -0.7609 -0.6562 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2185 0.5641 -0.3855 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5418 0.9019 -0.1150 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5208 -0.0908 -0.1255 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8573 0.2495 0.1475 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3272 1.5088 0.4392 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.6811 1.3928 0.6370 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9424 0.0242 0.4434 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8457 -0.6761 0.1461 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1871 -1.4153 -0.4054 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8618 -1.7469 -0.6743 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.6171 -0.3340 0.5745 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3554 -0.1744 -0.7369 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.3120 0.9975 -0.6841 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5900 2.2692 -0.2922 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8878 2.1032 1.0386 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.9211 0.9392 1.0004 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 3 1 6 3 4 1 0 4 5 2 0 5 6 1 0 6 7 2 0 7 8 1 0 8 9 1 0 9 10 2 0 10 11 1 0 11 12 2 0 7 13 1 0 13 14 2 0 2 15 1 0 15 16 1 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 1 0 18 19 1 0 19 20 1 0 14 4 1 0 20 15 1 0 12 8 1 0 M END $$$$
ZINC170595113	0.7	ZINC170595113 RDKit 3D 20 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 4.7280 2.3854 1.1188 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6955 0.8760 1.2491 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9987 0.3963 0.8857 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9799 0.0373 -0.5017 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5411 0.0412 -0.9731 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7582 0.1723 0.3012 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1607 0.9560 0.0815 S 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2971 2.0105 -0.9770 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4057 -0.5074 -0.6867 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.0763 -0.5200 -0.5196 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.8936 0.0078 -1.5208 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.2785 -0.0164 -1.3788 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.8420 -0.5748 -0.2323 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.2397 -0.6013 -0.0835 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.9284 -1.1141 0.9912 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2647 -0.9371 0.7293 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.2898 -0.3107 -0.5299 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0701 -0.1059 -1.0317 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.0331 -1.1100 0.7695 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.6488 -1.0852 0.6211 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 6 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 6 5 1 6 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 7 9 1 6 9 10 1 0 10 11 2 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 2 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 2 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 13 19 1 0 19 20 2 0 6 2 1 0 20 10 1 0 18 14 1 0 M END $$$$
ZINC97115205	0.7	ZINC97115205 RDKit 3D 20 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -3.5568 -1.9601 0.9383 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.2602 -0.4816 0.9172 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8824 0.1308 2.0423 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5447 1.3240 1.6221 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.3339 1.4978 0.1369 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.8058 0.1684 -0.3240 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.5117 0.3650 -1.5741 S 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0987 1.1673 -2.6982 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4505 1.4803 -0.6027 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.1096 0.8792 -0.3435 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1266 0.1723 0.8364 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3843 -0.3687 1.0901 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4090 -0.1895 0.1615 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6812 -0.7300 0.4183 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0432 -1.4525 1.5317 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3670 -1.7842 1.3774 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7233 -1.2192 0.1390 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7094 -0.5817 -0.4501 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1858 0.5236 -1.0157 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9244 1.0589 -1.2645 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 6 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 6 5 1 1 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 7 9 1 1 9 10 1 0 10 11 2 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 2 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 2 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 13 19 1 0 19 20 2 0 6 2 1 0 20 10 1 0 18 14 1 0 M END $$$$
ZINC170595112	0.7	ZINC170595112 RDKit 3D 20 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -4.4834 -1.3170 0.9291 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.6533 -0.0209 0.1752 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9815 0.0154 -0.3481 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.9501 0.8012 -1.5398 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5104 0.9058 -1.9928 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7345 0.0558 -1.0196 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.1883 0.9106 -0.6143 S 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4806 1.9208 0.4557 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.4310 -0.5402 0.1743 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0550 -0.4296 0.2281 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8304 -0.9443 -0.8123 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2185 -0.8522 -0.7611 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.8274 -0.2476 0.3379 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2287 -0.1497 0.3920 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.9618 0.4193 1.4070 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2845 0.3020 1.0575 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2559 -0.3544 -0.1864 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0172 -0.6345 -0.5974 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0608 0.2612 1.3854 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6729 0.1653 1.3295 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 6 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 6 5 1 6 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 7 9 1 1 9 10 1 0 10 11 2 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 2 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 2 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 13 19 1 0 19 20 2 0 6 2 1 0 20 10 1 0 18 14 1 0 M END $$$$
ZINC97115207	0.7	ZINC97115207 RDKit 3D 20 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000 -4.8922 -1.4423 -0.3498 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.5721 0.0263 -0.3094 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9556 0.4675 -1.5106 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.3502 1.7315 -1.2252 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.1769 1.8347 0.2788 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.7610 0.5609 0.8377 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2.4413 -0.4936 1.4771 S 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.0799 -1.7018 2.0958 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.7365 -0.9871 -0.1252 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.2804 -0.6697 -0.2021 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1414 0.5571 -0.7173 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4995 0.8508 -0.8013 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4341 -0.0916 -0.3746 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8064 0.2020 -0.4553 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.8355 -0.6274 -0.0753 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0046 0.0491 -0.3228 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5843 1.2825 -0.8528 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2560 1.3859 -0.9369 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0220 -1.3235 0.1318 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6623 -1.6115 0.2142 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 6 2 3 1 0 3 4 1 0 4 5 1 0 6 5 1 6 6 7 1 0 7 8 2 0 7 9 1 6 9 10 1 0 10 11 2 0 11 12 1 0 12 13 2 0 13 14 1 0 14 15 1 0 15 16 2 0 16 17 1 0 17 18 2 0 13 19 1 0 19 20 2 0 6 2 1 0 20 10 1 0 18 14 1 0 M END $$$$

Sections:

EOS76486

Basic Properties:

Additional Data:

Other Descriptors

External Databases

Structure formats:

Smiles

InChI

SDF

Similar ECBD compounds (0 entries):

Similar ZINC compounds (6 entries):

Assays: